Engine jacket and cylinder construction.



S. CHRISTOFFERSON. ENGINEJACKETAND CYLINDER cowsmucnom APPLICATION FILED ]AN.31,1916. I

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESS Patented. Dec 4, 1917;

' S. CHRISTOFFERSON. ENGINE JACKETAND CYLINDER cowsmucnow.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-31,1916.

Patented Dec, 4, 1917.

WITNESS lbw SILAS GHBISTOFFERSON, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

ENGINE JACKET AND CYLINDER, CUNSTRUC'IION. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented lll ceco d, il itt'a Application filed. January 31, 1916. Serial No. M347.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Sims CHRIsTorrnR- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engine Jackets and Cylinder Constructions, of which the following is a specification.

I The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, par ticularly designed for aeroplane use, but equally as well adapted for general use, and has for its principal objects to provide an engine wherein the weight is materially re duced over that of the same size of engine now on the market; to provide a structure wherein the cylinders and inclosing water jackets are separate units detachably secured together andcapable of being easily separated, enabling the cylinders to be readily replaced when worn and to be manufactured .of a more durable and lighter weight material than is possible where the cylinders and jackets are constructed in a single one piece casting. Further objects being to provide an engine of the above type wherein the resultant strains of each explosion are received by the metal walls of the cylinder, and wherein the valves seat directly on the walls of the cylinder, thereby dispensing with all valve cages; to provide an engine wherein the cylinder and water jacket are secured together in such a manner as to provide fluid tight connections between the same and at the same time to permit of the expansion and contraction of the several parts.

lVith the above mentioned and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel construction" and combination of parts hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanying drawi and pointed out in the claims hereto appended; it being under- Fig.2 is a View in side elevation, partly in section, of an embodiment of my invention, disclosing a water jacket casting havmg a pair of cylinders removably positlonedtherein.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse broken vertical sectional view of an engine cylinder and water jacket casting constructed in accordance with my invention, disclosing more fully the formation and arrangement of the several parts, and the manner of detachably uniting the same together.

Referring more particularly to the several views of the drawings, wherein like characters of reference designate corresponding parts,1 indicates the engine cylinders, preferably stamped from high carbon steel which insures maximum strength with minimum weight.- cylinder is preferably formed on its side wall with the annular reinforcements 2 and 2, one positioned adjacent the top thereof and the other approximately midway of the side wall thereof. An annular flange 3 is aluminum or any other suitable metal of lighter specific gravity than the cylinder, is formed with suitable openings in the lower portion or base thereof adapted to each receive an engine cylinder which is removably positioned therein. For convenience and to reduce the cost of manufacture, I have illustrated a single water jacket casting 3 as receiving a pair of cylinders, but it is to be understood thata single water jacket casting may be provided for each cylinder or that any number of cylinders may be inclosed by a single jacket casting.

The water jacket casting 3 is formed preferably at opposite sides with the open ended inlet and exhaust channels 4 and 5 which communicate at, their inner ends. with corresponding and registering inlet and exhaust ports, preferably formed in the head of each cylinder, and when the cylinders are properly positioned in the casting 3, with the respective inlet and exhaust openings in register, the walls 6 of the casting 3 surrounding the channels 4 and 5 rest on suit able gaskets 7 supported by suitable flanges 8 surrounding the inlet and exhaust ports of the cylinders.

Each

Suitable flanged tubular couplings 9, one positioned in each inlet and exhaust port of the cylinders with the flanges thereof contacting with the annular seats 10, have threaded connection with the respective Walls 6 and detachably secure the top of the cylinders to the water jacket casting. Inwardly opening valves 11 control the respective inlet and exhaust ports of each cylinder, the stems 12 thereof extending upwardly in the top portion or chamber 12 of the casting 3 and reciprocate in suitable bushings or guides 13 removably mounted in bores formed in the walls 6 surrounding the channels 4 and5, and extending through the top transverse wall 14 of the casting.

Projecting upwardly from the wall 14 into the chamber 12 are the arms 14: which pivotally mount the rocker arms 14 actuated by the cams on the rotary shaft 14 and which cooperate with the upper ends of the valve stems and actuate the valves. Springs let normally seat the valves and a removable cover 15 resting on the upstanding wall 16 of the jacket and which forms the chamber 12 incloses the valve operating mechanism-and excludes the dust therefrom. Thumb nuts 17 which thread on studs 18 secure the removable cover 15 in place. By mounting the valves and valve operating mechanism as described, the jacket may be removed from. over a cylinder by first re- 4 moving the valves and thence disconnecting the couplings-9 and without in any Way disturbing the valve operating mechanism.

Suitablespark plug openings are provided in the cylinder walls below the inlet and exhaust openings and register with corresponding openings in the side wall of the jacket casting 3. The flanged wall 19 of said casting 3 surrounding the openings therein rests against the reinforcement 2 of the cylinders and is detachably secured thereto by the flanged tubular couplings 20 threaded into the cylinders. The flange 21 of the couplings rest on gaskets 22 received in seats surrounding the spark plug openings. Suitable spark plugs or other ignition means 23 are threaded into the couplings 20, and while I have illustrated two spark plugs for each cylinder, it is to beunderstood that one or more may be used, and that if but one is employed the other -couplings 20, if such are employed, will provide a means for attaching the jacket casting to the cylinders, and will be closed by suitable plugs, not shown. Thelower side walls 24 of the jacketcasting 3 extend longitudinally of the cylinder walls in spaced relation thereto and terminate adjacent the reinforcement 2 on the cylinders, and the openings at the lower end thereof are preferably of an interior diameter to provide a snug fit over the reinforce1nent,as 1n the drawlngs. 7 Annular grooves are provided on the inner lower surface of the walls 24 adjacent to the reinforcement 2, and the same are formed with downwardly beveled lower walls 26 which tend to force the annular rubber packing 27 received in the grooves 26 against the cylinder side Walls and provide a fluid tight joint therebetween.

A cooling fluid is received in the chamber surrounding the cylinders and the same circulates through openings 28 in the jacket casting 3. I have provided a construction wherein the cooling fluid is in close contact with the cylinder walls surrounding the valves, thereby maintaining the same cool at all times and preventing the warping thereof.

' By removing the valves and disconnecting and removing the threaded couplings t) and 20, one or more of the cylinders may be removed from the jacket casting 3 for the repairing'or replacement thereof. It will be noted that I have provided a very light weight jacket for receiving the engine cylinders and have detachably' united the parts together, whereby the cylinders may be re moved therefrom when worn or to be repaired or cleaned, and in which new cylinders may be inserted when desired, thereby prolonging the life of the engine and main- 'I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. An internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type comprising a headed engine cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports in the top wall thereof, a jacket for receiving and inclosing the upper end thereof, and the side walls of said cylinder and jacket being spaced from each other to provide a cooling chamber surrounding the cylinder, connections for circulating a cooling medium through said chamber, and means for detachably securing thecylinder and jacket together, with the top wall of said cylinder and the top wall of said chamber in contact, said cylin der and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

aaaeoe registering with the channels of said jacket,

and the walls of said cylinder and jacket being spaced from each other to provide a cooling chamber surrounding the cylinder, connections for circulating a cooling medium through said jacket, and means for detachably securing said cylinder within said jacket, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

4. An internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, comprising a jacket adapted for receiving the upper endof an engine cylinder and provided with inlet and exhaust channels, a headed cylinder for ositioning at its upper end within said jac rot and provided in its top wall with inlet and exhaustports for registering with the channels of said, jacket, connections for circulate ing a cooling medium through said jacket, andmeans for detachably uniting said cylinder and jacket through said register1ngchannels and ports, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said uniting means. 7

,5. An internal combustion engine com-- prising ajacket provided with a chamber for receiving the upper end of a headed engine cylinder and formed with inlet and exhaust channels, a headed cylinder for reception in said chamber and provided in its head with inlet and exhaust ports, said cylinder and jacket provided with registering ports in the side walls thereof, and means for detachably connecting said cylinder and jacket together through said registering ports in the side walls thereof, and at said registering ports and channels in the head thereof, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said connecting means.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a headed cylinder, a jacket provided with a chamber for receiving the upper end of said cylinder and formed with connections for circulating a cooling medium therethrough, means for detachably connecting said cylinder and jacket, the cylinder and jacket capable of intact separation on the release of said connecting means, and a friction packing at the base of said jacket for engaging the cylinder wall to provide a fluid tight connection around the same.

7. An internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, comprising a headed cylinder, provided with inlet and exhaust ports in the head thereof, a jacket provided with a chamber for receiving the upper end of said cylinder, the side walls of said jacket and cylinder being spaced to provide a cooling chamber in direct contact with thecylinder wall, said jacket formed with connections for circulating a cooling medium therethrough, and provided with inlet and exhaust channels, said jacket adapted for Resting on the head of said cylinder with the side walls thereof extending'over the side walls of the cylinder in spaced relation thereto, a packing carried by the jacket for providing a fluid tight joint between the lower edge of side wall of said jacket and said cylinder, and means for detachably connecting said cylinder and jacket, said cylinder and jacket adapted for intact separationpn the release of said connecting means.

8.. In combination with a headed engine cylinder formed with inlet'and. exhaust ports in the head thereof, and having continuous jacket formed of a single piece of material for 'removabl'y positioning thereover, and provided with a cylindrical opening for receiving and inclosing the upper end of said cylinder, said jacket provided with side walls for extending over the cylinderiside walls in spaced relation thereto, said jacket bemg'further provided in its head with inlet and exhaust channels for registering with the corresponding ports in the cylinder head, a packing carried by the jacket for engaging the cylinder side walls for providing a fluid tight joint between the base of said jacket and said cylinder, and means for uniting the. cylinder and jacket, said cylinder and substantially parallel side walls, a\ cooling jacket adapted for intact separation on the release of said uniting means.

9. In combination with an engine cylinder, acooling jacket for removably positioning thereover with the side wall thereof extending downwardly over the side cylinder walls, means fordetachably securing the cylinder and jacket together, the interior wall surface of said jacket side wall formed with an annular groove having a downwardly beveled side wall surface, and a packing supported in said groove for engaging the cylinder side wall to maintain a fluid tight joint between the cylinder and lower surface of said jacket side wall, said packing adapted to be forced against the cylinder wall by the beveled surface of said groove on an internal pressure being exerted thereon from the interior of said cooling jacket.

10. In combination with a headed engine cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports in the top wall thereof, a cooling jacket for removably positioning thereover, and procooling chamber, said last mentioned chamvided with a chamber for receiving and inclosing the headed end of the cylinder, the top wall of said chamber formed with inlet and exhaust channels for registering at one end with said ports, means for detachably connecting said cylinder and jacket, with the top wall of said cylinder and top wall of said chamber in contact, means for admitting of a circulating of a cooling medium through said jacket, and said cylinder and jacket being so formedthat on the assembly thereof the registering ports thereof are surrounded by. a channel for the circulation of a cooling medium.

11. In combination with headed engine valves'extending through said jacket, and" valve operating means carried by said jacket.

12. In combination with a headed engine cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports in the head thereof, a cooling jacket for removably positioning thereover, and formed with inlet and exhaust channels in its head for registering at one end and with said ports,

the side walls of said jacketextending over the cylinder side wall, said jacket and cylinder contacting at a point surrounding said ports and channels, and means for detachably securing said cylinder and jacket together, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

'13, A jacket for receiving a headed engine cylinder adapted to be removably positioned therein, said jacket comprising a member provided with an opening through which the cylinder is adapted for insertion and the Wall of which surrounding said cylinder provides with.- the cylinder wall a cooling chamber, a wall surface at the top of said,

opening in said jacketfor resting on the cylinder head, and a top wall providing with said intermediate wall a cooling chamber communicating with said first mentioned ber formed with openings through which a cooling medium is circulated, andmeans for detachably securing said cylinder andjacket together.

11. In combination with a headed engine cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports in the head thereof, a removable jacket for receiving the cylinder and formed with inlet and exhaust channels for registering at one end with said ports and a portion of the side wall of said jacket, spaced from said cylinder wall and forming therewith a chamber, means for detachably securing said jacket and cylinder together, a valve for controlling each' of said ports, valve operating mechanism carried by said jacket and removable therewith, and a removable cover for inclosing said valve operating mechanism.

15. In combination with an engine cylinder having inlet and'exhaust ports in the head thereof, a jacket for receiving the cylinder and formed with inlet and exhaust channels for registering at one end with said ports, a portion of the side wall of said jacket spaced from said cylinder wall and forming therewith a chamber, tubular securing means for detachably securing the walls surrounding said registering ports and channels together, an inwardly opening valve seating directly on the cylinder head for controlling said ports, valve operating mechanism carried by said jacket above'said cylinder, and a removable cover for inclosing said mechanism.

16. An internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type comprising a jacket provided with a chamber for detachably receiv* ing the upper end of an engine cylinder inserted-therein, and formed with fuel inlet and exhaust channels, a headed cylinder for insertion into said chamber and provided in its top wall with inlet and exhaust ports for registering with said channels, said cylinder and jacket provided with registering ports in the side walls thereof, and tubular couplings for detachably connecting said cylinder and jacket through said registering ports in the side wall thereof and through said registering ports and channels, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the removal of said tubular couplin s.

17. An internal combustion engine 0 the overhead valve type comprising a 'acket provided with a chamber for detacha ly receiving the upper end of a headed engine cylinder and formed in its top wall with inlet and exhaust channels, a headed cylinder for insertion into said chamber and provided I at its head with inlet and exhaust ports for registering with said channels, and tubular couplings. inserted in said registering ports and channels for detachably uniting the cylinder'and jacket, said cylinder and jacket capable of intact separatlon on the removal of said tubular couplings.

i An internal combustion engine comprising a stamped steel cylinder having a portedrtop wall, a separable cast jacket therefor for receiving and inclosing the upper portion thereof to provide with the cylinder wall a cooling chamber, said jacket provided with channels for communicating with the ports in the cylinder head and formed of a naaaaoa prising asteel cylinder, a separable jacket for receiving and inclosing the upper portion thereof and formed of aniaterial of lighter specific gravity than that forming the cylinder, the wall of said jacket forming a cooling chamber with the wall of the cylinder, and means for detachably securing the cylinder and jacket together, said cylinder and jacket capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

20. An internal combustion engine comprising a headed ported steel cylinder, a separable cast jacket therefor for receiving and inclosing the upper portion thereof to provide with the cylinder wall a cooling chamber, said jacket provided with channels for communicating with the ports in the cylinder and formed of a material of lighter specific gravity than that forming the cylinder. and means for detachably securing said cylinder and jacket together through said registering ports and channels, said cylinder and acket capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

21. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type comprising a headed stamped steel cylinder, a separable cast aluminum jacket provided with a chamber for receiving and inclosing the upper portion hereof, and means for detachably securing the cylinder and jacket together with the top wall of said chamber in contact with the top wall of said chan'iber, said cylinder ports in the top wall thereof, a jacket therefor for receiving and inclosing the upper portion thereof to provide with the cylinder wall a cooling chamber, said acket provided with channels for communicating with the ports in the cylinder head, means for detachably securing said cylinder and jacket together, valves for controlling the inlet and exhaust ports in said cylinder and adapted to open inwardly into the cylinder and to seat directly thereon and circumferential of the ports therein, and valve; operating means carried by said jacket.

23. An internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type comprising a steel cylinder, a separable jacket for receiving and inclosing the upper portion thereof vand formed of a material of lighter specific gravity than that forming the cylinder, said jacket forming with the cylinder wall a cooling chamber directly in contact with the cylinder wall, means for .detachably securing the cylinder and jacket together, and a means carried by the base of the cylinder whereby the same may be secured to the engine crank case, said cylinder and jacket being capable of intact separation on the release of said securing means.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 

